Undrained bearing capacity of spudcan under combined loading   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王立忠  舒恒  李玲玲  国振 《中国海洋工程》2011,25(1):15-30

The bearing capacities of spudcan foundation under pure vertical (V),horizontal (H),moment (M) loading and the combined loading are studied based on a series of three-dimensional finite element analysis.The effects of embedment ratio and soil non-homogeneity on the bearing capacity are investigated in detail.The capacities of spudcan under different pure loading are expressed in non-dimensional bearing capacity factors,which are compared with published results.Ultimate limit states under combined loading are presented by failure envelopes,which are expressed in terms of dimensionless and normalized form in three-dimensional load space.The comparison between the presented failure envelopes and available published numerical results reveals that the size and shape of failure envelopes are dependent on the embedment ratio and the non-homogeneity of the soil.  相似文献   

TRMM和CMORPH卫星资料对三峡库区降水的评估分析     

张天宇  桂术  杨若文  王勇  李永华 《气象》2020,46(8):1098-1112

利用1998—2016年TRMM和CMORPH两种遥感卫星资料降水和同期三峡库区气象观测站数据,通过比较干、支流和远、近库区气象站点的降水变化和蓄水前后降水量、雨日、降水强度和频率等变化特征,分析评估了基于两种卫星遥感降水和测站降水的三峡库区局地降水变化。结果表明:库区TRMM和CMORPH卫星降水年际变化特征总体上与气象观测站相符,反演效果在日尺度TRMM略逊于CMORPH,在季尺度CMORPH略逊于TRMM;两种卫星资料对冬季降水反演效果都偏弱。三峡库区干流和支流站点的降水变化总体一致,干、支流各站点降水量均具有较强的年际变化特征。TRMM相比CMORPH更能重现干、支流测站降水的年际变化特征,CMORPH降水年际波动振幅总体上比测站偏大。蓄水前后时段(1998—2003年与2004—2016年)对比,从不同等级降水的强度和雨日、季节降水频率和总量等变化反演效果来看,CMORPH资料分布相比TRMM更接近测站的变化趋势,反演效果略优于TRMM;但两种卫星资料的降水频率和降水量分布与测站的误差在蓄水前后变化都不明显。此外,气象测站、TRMM、CMORPH资料都表现出蓄水后三峡远、近库区年降水量的比值呈平稳波动状态,表明三峡水库蓄水后附近地区降水没有明显变化。  相似文献   

Using the Lund-Potsdam-Jena Model to Understand the Different Responses of Three Woody Plants to Land Use in China     

SUN Guodong  MU Mu 《大气科学进展》2013,30(2):515-524

In this study, the approach of conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation related to initial perturbation (CNOP-I) was employed to investigate the maximum variations in plant amount for three main woody plants (a temperate broadleaved evergreen, a temperate broadleaved summergreen, and a boreal needleleaved evergreen) in China. The investigation was conducted within a certain range of land use intensity using a state-of-the-art Lund-Potsdam-Jena dynamic global vegetation model (LPJ DGVM). CNOP-I represents a class of deforestation and can be considered a type of land use with respect to the initial perturbation. When deforestation denoted by the CNOP-I has the same intensity for all three plants, the variation in plant amount of the boreal needleleaved evergreen in northern China is greater than the variation in plant amount of both the temperate broadleaved evergreen and temperate broadleaved summergreen in southern China. As deforestation intensity increases, the plant amount variation in the three woody plant functional types carbon changes, in a nonlinear fashion. The impact of land use on plant functional types is minor because the interaction between climate condition and land use is not considered in the LPJ model. Finally, the different impacts of deforestation on net primary production of the three plant functional types were analyzed by modeling gross primary production and autotrophic respiration. Our results suggest that the CNOP-I approach is a useful tool for exploring the nonlinear and different responses of terrestrial ecosystems to land use.  相似文献   

一种融合地理空间指标的土地需求量预测方法——以佛山市南海区为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

马林兵  曹小曙  牟少杰 《地理研究》2011,30(5):854-860

目前关于土地需求量的预测方法往往忽视地理空间因素。本文提出了一种融合地理空间指标的土地需求量的多因素预测方法,通过在需求量预测计算中引入地理标准距离、标准差椭圆、Moran'' s I指数等与土地利用类型的空间分布和空间形态相关的因素,探讨基于地理空间指标进行土地需求量预测的可行性和准确性。以佛山市南海区历年的土地利用调查数据为基础进行案例研究,结果表明:相对于地理经济指标,引入地理空间指标的土地需求量预测结果准确率更高。但由于数据量的限制,本文所得的结果需要收集更多数据采用多种统计分析方法进一步加以研究验证。  相似文献   

Distribution characteristics,exploration and development,geological theories research progress and exploration directions of shale gas in China     

Shi-zhen Li  Zhi Zhou  Hai-kuan Nie  Lei-fu Zhang  Teng Song  Wei-bin Liu  Hao-han Li  Qiu-chen Xu  Si-yu Wei  Shu Tao 《China Geology》2022,5(1):110-135

The shale gas resources in China have great potential and the geological resources of shale gas is over 100×10¹²m³,which includes about 20×10¹²m³ of recoverable resources.Organic-rich shales can be divided into three types according to their sedimentary environments,namely marine,marine-continental transitional,and continental shales,which are distributed in 13 stratigraphic systems from the Mesoproterozoic to the Cenozoic.The Sichuan Basin and its surrounding areas have the highest geological resources of shale gas,and the commercial development of shale gas has been achieved in the Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation in these areas,with a shale gas production of up to 20×10⁹m³ in 2020.China has seen rapid shale gas exploration and development over the last five years,successively achieving breakthroughs and important findings in many areas and strata.The details are as follows.(1)Large-scale development of middle-shallow shale gas(burial depth:less than 3500 m)has been realized,with the productivity having rapidly increased;(2)breakthroughs have been constantly made in the development of deep shale gas(burial depth:3500-4500 m),and the ultradeep shale gas(burial depth:greater than 4500 m)is under testing;(3)breakthroughs have been made in the development of normal-pressure shale gas,and the assessment of the shale gas in complex tectonic areas is being accelerated;(4)shale gas has been frequently discovered in new areas and new strata,exhibiting a great prospect.Based on the exploration and development practice,three aspects of consensus have been gradually reached on the research progress in the geological theories of shale gas achieved in China.(1)in terms of deep-water fine-grained sediments,organic-rich shales are the base for the formation of shale gas;(2)in terms of high-quality reservoirs,the development of micro-nano organic matter-hosted pores serves as the core of shale gas accumulation;(3)in terms of preservation conditions,weak structural transformation,a moderate degree of thermal evolution,and a high pressure coefficient are the key to shale gas enrichment.As a type of important low-carbon fossil energy,shale gas will play an increasingly important role in achieving the strategic goals of peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality.Based on the in-depth study of shale gas geological conditions and current exploration progress,three important directions for shale gas exploration in China in the next five years are put forward.  相似文献   

镇安二台子金矿控矿规律研究与盲矿体预测     

刘淑文  魏宽义  沈杉平 《地球科学与环境学报》2001,23(3):11-14

在总结二台子金矿成矿规律的基础上,采用信息量和特征分析方法对矿区及外围进行了综合预测.之后,运用地球化学与构造应力分析相结合方法,对已知矿体进行了深部预测并定位.  相似文献   

招远市夏甸金矿含金流体成因及就位机制的研究          下载免费PDF全文

穆太升  董鑫  曲延波  许洪泉  孙忠实 《山东国土资源》2001,17(3):25-29

通过对夏甸金矿石英中流体包裹体成分和矿石微量元素测定,得出含金流体为幔源-岩浆和变质复合成因.依据容矿断裂形成机制的理论分析、高温高压实验研究、含金流体就位过程及容矿断裂形成环境的探讨,提出复合含金流体主动就位机制.  相似文献   

木星“大红斑”的旋转浅水实验模拟研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王振坡  王丽艳  刘书声 《天文学报》2001,42(4):397-407

在具有自由表面的旋转轨物面浅水实验系统上进行了可重复的系列模拟实验，在旋转随动坐标系中拍摄的照片和功率谱分析表明，确有大尺度持续存在的涡旋、漂移与演化产生，在一定条件下，呈现出一个自持的、长寿命的、沿与整体旋转方向相反方向漂移的反气旋孤立波涡旋（Rossby孤立波涡旋），这就是木星“大红斑”的实验室模型，实验结果证实，流体动力学不稳定主要来自于剪切和Coriolis力效应，由于远离平衡态的耗散系统的自组织，涌现出大尺度长寿命相干涡旋结构，受多次实验的启发，从流体动力学基本方程出发，在一定的实验条件下提出一个半经验模型，近似求出了Rossby孤立波涡旋解。  相似文献   

Isozymes Analysis of the Golden Cuttlefish Sepia esculenta（Cephalopoda ： Sepiidae）     

Zheng Xiaodong  Zhao Jianmin  Xiao Shu  Wang Rucai  Wang Shidang  Zhou Weiwu 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2004,3(1):48-52

Thirty-nine isozymes in four tissues (mantle muscle, buccal bulb muscle, eye and liver) of Sepia esculenta were screened for enzymatic analysis using starch gel electrophoretic technique. Eighteen enzymes (G3PDH, LDH, MDH, MEP, IDHP, PGDH, GRS, NP, AAT, CK, AK, EST, ALP, ACP, FBP, MPI, GPI and PGM) show strong activities and good convergence in zymogram. They are proved to be suitable genetic markers in Sepia esculenta. Among the tissues used, mantle muscle is the best for electrophoretic analysis of isozymes. Eye and liver are fairly good for some special enzymes, such as LDH, EST, MPI, etc. Twenty-six loci are detected. The proportion of polymorphic loci is 0.115 in the Qingdao sample and 0.153 in the Rizhao sample (P<0.99). The mean values of the observed and expected heterozygosity per locus of Qingdao sample are 0.016 and 0.017, while those of the Rizhao sample are 0.023 and 0.025 respectively.  相似文献   

Star formation and chemical evolution of damped Lyman α systems     

J. Ma  C. G. Shu 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2001,322(4):927-932

In this paper, we investigate the star formation and chemical evolution of damped Lyman α systems (DLAs) based on the disc galaxy formation model developed by Mo, Mao & White. We propose that the DLAs are the central galaxies of less-massive dark haloes present at redshifts z ∼3, and they should inhabit haloes of moderately low circular velocity. The empirical Schmidt law of star formation rates, and closed box model of chemical evolution that an approximation known as instantaneous recycling is assumed, are adopted. In our models, when the predicted distribution of metallicity for DLAs is calculated, two cases are considered. One is that, using the closed-box model, empirical Schmidt law and star formation time, the distribution of metallicity can be directly calculated. The other is that, when the simple gravitational instability of a thin isothermal gas disc as first discussed by Toomre is considered, the star formation occurs only in the region where the surface density of gas satisfies the critical value, not everywhere of a gas disc. In this case, we first obtain the region where the star formation can occur by assuming that the disc has a flat rotation curve and rotational velocity is equal to the circular velocity of the surrounding dark matter halo, and then calculate the metallicity distribution as in case one. We assume that star formation in each DLA lasts for a period of 1 Gyr from redshifts z =3. There is only one output parameter in our models, i.e. the stellar yield, which relates to the time of star formation history and is obtained by normalizing the predicted distribution of metallicity to the mean value of 1/13 Z_⊙ as presented by Pettini et al.. The predicted metallicity distribution is consistent with the current (rather limited) observational data. A random distribution of galactic discs is taken into account.  相似文献